As expected, there are quite the misconceptions regarding olive oil. When welcoming people, we hear a lot of things which are far from truth, or are wrong understandings of knowledge.
So here, we’ll some frequently asked questions / statements regarding olive oil, and correct where necessary:
False. Olive Oil crystalizes at approximately +7 ⁰c / +44.5 ⁰F of and we don’t shield from its worst enemy; oxygen. Also, the excess humidity of older refrigerators deteriorates the quality of olive oil.
False. Freezing is not a proof of quality. Canola oil, sunflower oil and other refined vegetable fats will also freeze in the refrigerator.
There is no such thing as “light olive oil”. All vegetable oils have the same calorific value of 9 calories/grammar. Some companies might actually sell an “Light Olive Oil”, but this refer to taste.
Yes. Olive oil is essentially the juice of olives.
Adopting a healthy lifestyle with lots of physical activity together with a healthy and proper nutrition plan with olive oil as the main source of fat, yes, we’ll see you quite the times around.
False. What helps farmers deliver their fruit to the olive mill in the best conditions is respect, passion and green conscience. Some popular methods of collecting are:
HANDPICKING
Olives are picked without any mechanical means, by plucking them straight from the tree, or with combs and rakes. This method leaves the fruits perfectly undamaged, which is essential to keep the olives in optimal condition, but requires a lot of labor.
BEATING
Using a T shaped stick with rotating ends, olives are beaten of the branches and fall on nets laid on the ground. Most widely used method in Creta.
SHAKING
The tree is “hugged” by the trunk and is shaken by an agriculture machine. Olives then fall on nets laid out on the ground.
MECHANICAL
Large agricultural machines go over the tree, and with proper mecahnisms collect all fruit which is instantly defoliated and put on a following truck to leave for the olive mill. Requires very precise pruning and cultivation and large plains to be a financially viable cultivation.
Good olive oil requires proper cultivation methods, dedication to the process and passion. Each olive variety has its own traits and characteristics, and similar to grape varieties, in the hands of skilled people in the olive mills all varieties can produce wonders.
Color is not an indication of variety, it is a stage of ripeness of the fruit. All varieties will start in a deep emerald color and depending on many factors will end in a black, iodine, purple, deep blue, etc. color.
False. The main argument is that through filtering we lose some antioxidants. Seeing this commercially, the consumer will be able to buy unfiltered olive at least after 30 days from its production. This means we have already lost these possible extras, plus the residue that will start forming in the bottom is as bad for the olive oil as oxygen and light are. Filtering on the other hand keeps all final solid parts and moisture away from olive oil and helps it reach the maximum of its lifetime.
False. Actually, “first cold pressing” refers to oils obtained by a pre-industrial traditional pressure extraction system, where edible oil comes from the first pressing. It is actually obsolete, as olives no longer undergo multiple extractions. Moreover, a traditional pressure extraction system today yields oil that is, at best, average quality: the best quality oils are obtained from modern centrifugation systems. And before an argument is raised, we define “best quality” by looking the winners in olive oil competitions around the world.
Finally, cold extraction/press only guarantees that temperature did not go above 27⁰c at any part of the process. We still require good olives to yield a good quality.
False. Color is not an indication of quality. The fact that you can actually see the color of the olive oil means it is in a transparent container, so avoid it.
Not quite. When extra virgin olive oil goes past its before date, it falls off category statement, so it has to return to the selling for rebottling under proper category statement or for refining. It is not hazardous for your health, so taste it and if it is not completely off, you can use it for roasting, making sauces/dips/etc, infuse with herbs, etc.
This is a growing list, so expect to see news entries!
Supposedly you walk into a market to buy olive oil. You go to the designated shelf and see many brands, sizes and bottles. How do you choose?
In this article, we will go through some common knowledge, offer some insight and learn how to read the label and through the label.
Before buying it is good to take some things in consideration:
It is best to pick cold extracted olive oils since this is the industry standard and is comparably superior to pressing in most of examined aspects.
All these areas are designated under the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) and Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status. All origin claims must go back to these areas in order to have any significance. “Produced in <Country>” isn’t a locality claim, since E.U. legislation allows European companies to import olive oil from an E.U. country and, after proper categorization, can be sold as native to the bottling company. This applies to all E.U. countries, both as sellers and as importers.
PDO and PGI cannot be tampered, are fraud-proof and they are the only safe way to properly understand where your olive oil is from.
After buying it, storage is still important. We try to protect olive oil from its enemies:
The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widespread diets around the world, is based on the consumption of olive oil as the main source of fat. Over the last 50 years, surveys carried out in parts of the Mediterranean, including Crete and southern Italy, have shown that the Mediterranean diet is responsible for the longevity of the inhabitants and the absence of cardiovascular and digestive diseases.
The Mediterranean Diet, rich in fibers, is based on eating healthy foods for the body, vegetable and plant foods. Vegetables, pasta, rice, legumes and fruits are its main ingredients, while food of animal origin is consumed in small quantities.
Olive oil, specifically raw, is used in salads and always at the end of cooking. Finally, in this model of diet, it is common to consume small quantities of red wine during meals.
An example of Mediterranean diet could be:
Olive oil | the main source of fat |
Fresh fruits, vegetables in variety and abundance | several times a week |
Dairy products in particular yoghurt and cheese | several times a week |
Legumes, plenty of bread, pasta and other starchy foods such as rice, potatoes and other cereals | in variety, but with a measure of daily consumption and at least twice a week |
Fatty fish, poultry and lean meat | at least twice a week |
Wine, when consumed | along with the meal |
And also don't forget that Olive Oil:
• Has the same number of calories (9.3 per gr) with any other vegetable fat.
• It is, together with avocado oil, the only vegetable oils that can be consumed immediately after extraction without having to undergo any further treatment
• It is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids: 60-80% oleic acid
• It has a very low content of saturated fatty acids ~ 14%
• It has approx. 10% linoleic acid
• Contains about 10% of the required daily amount of vitamin E in each tablespoon
• It has a high content of natural antioxidants and nutrients (eg polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenes etc.)
• It has a high content of squalene that actively regulates metabolism
• Does not contain water, proteins, gluten, carbohydrates, salt or other preservative
• It is absorbed by the body by 98%, while retains an important role in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
• It has an excellent digestion by the human body, while its fatty acid composition and the presence of chlorophyll helps digestive tract function, stimulates the enzyme pancreatic lipase, facilitates the secretion of bile and promotes the metabolism of endogenous cholesterol.
Sources:
www.sevitel.gr
In order to properly categorize an olive oil, it has to go through a chemical analysis to determine the value of several parameters and at the same time, an organoleptic analysis to validate the category statement. So, olive oil products are divided in three major categories:
A) Virgin Olive Oils
B) Refined Olive Oils
C) Olive pomace oils.
-A-
Virgin olive oil is produced solely by extracting the oil from the olives by using solely mechanical means. Essentially, it is the juice of the fruit of the olive tree. This category requires an organoleptic analysis to prove the category statement. There are four categories of virgin olive oil:
Name |
Acidity* |
Notes |
Extra Virgin Olive Oil |
< 0,8 |
Highest quality category available. Must have pleasant fruity aroma and no taste defect. |
Virgin Olive Oil |
< 2,0 |
Mostly available in Mediterranean countries |
Ordinary Virgin Olive Oil |
< 3,3 |
May only be sold direct to the consumer if permitted in the country of retail sale. If not permitted, the designation of this product shall comply with the legal provisions of the country concerned. |
Lampante Olive Oil |
> 2,0 |
Not suitable for food consumption. Undergoes refining |
-B-
Refined olive oil is produced through processing lampante olive oil with chemical and physical filters but without changing the initial glyceridic structure. They can be blended with virgin oils, but not the opposite. There are two types of refined olive oils:
Name |
Acidity* |
Notes |
Refined Olive Oil |
< 0,3 |
Obtained by refining Lampante Virgin Olive Oil |
Olive Oil |
< 1,0 |
Obtained by blending Refined Olive Oil and Virgin olive Oil |
Refining process are:
Olive oil is processed with a NaOH solution, which will form some kind of soap with the free fatty acids. Then, the mixture will undergo washing to clean solid parts and achieve a deacidified oil.
The oxidised substances of present in lampante olive oils are removed by filtering the oil through activated charcoal or other similar bleaching agents. The oil gets a yellow colour which reminds many cheap vegetable oils.
To remove unpleasant odours, the oil is processed by going through high temperatures and through vacuum. The outcome is a an odouless oil.
-C-
Olive pomace oil is the oil obtained by treating olive pomace with solvents or other physical treatments, to the exclusion of oils obtained by re esterification processes and of any mixture with oils of other kinds. Olive pomace oil cannot be sold with the designation or definition “olive oil”, because it is a product of a by-product of the extraction process.
Olive pomace, or the solid by-product of the extraction, still contains a minimal quantity of oil. Olive mills cannot extract it, so the pomace goes to specialized plants for processing. During this process, pomace will be dried and with hexane so that all liquids are separated from the solids. Finally, hexane and liquids will be separated to obtain crude olive pomace oil.
There are three types of olive pomace oils:
Name |
Acidity* |
Notes |
Crude Olive Pomace Oil |
- |
Original product of this refining process. Not commercially available. |
Refined Olive Pomace Oil |
< 0,3 |
May only be sold direct to the consumer if permitted in the country of retail sale. |
Olive Pomace Oil |
< 1,0 |
Obtained by blending Refined Olive Pomace Oil and Virgin olive Oils. |
(*) Acidity is the basic parameter for categorisation of olive oils. However, there are many chemical tests required to be within certain limits for each category.
Sources:
www.internationaloliveoil.org
In order to categorise an olive oil, taste is as important as the chemical analysis. Olive oil is the only food required to undergo a trained and approved panel test to prove its category statement.
To be able to label an olive oil as Extra Virgin, there must be no defects in its taste and must at least just perceptibly fruity.
Flavor defects in olive oil are associated with problems with the olive fruit (olive fly, frozen conditions), improper handling of olives during harvest (dirt, wet fruit, prolonged storage prior to milling), certain milling conditions (unsanitary equipment, excessive heat), and improper or prolonged storage after milling (oxidation).
The first step in learning how to taste olive oil is to understand how our senses work. Perception of flavor relies on both our senses of taste and smell. The ability to taste is quite limited; receptors on our tongue can only discern sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. All other information that we think of as flavor is actually perceived by smelling food through the back of our nostrils (retronasally) while it is in our mouths.
Knowing the facts above, we undergo this process:
1) Pour two tablespoons into the cobalt blue olive oil tasting glass, or glass for white wine or a glass for cognac.
2) Cover the bottom of the glass with your hand to help the olive oil warm up while simultaneously you cover the top of the glass. This will help release the aromas and flavours of the olive oil.
3) Swirl the glass for a couple of minutes and allow the olive oil to reach all .
4) Release the hand covering the glass. Instantly sniff a couple of times the olive oil and then take a deep breath to sense the fruity attribute.
5) Sip a small amount of the olive oil. Close your mouth well and draw in air through your teeth, delicately first and more intense after, while breathing out through your nose. Here you must sense the bitter attribute.
6) Now you can either expel the olive oil or continue by swalling the olive oil to sense other things about this olive oil.
7) Right after you swallow the olive oil, the phenols of olive oil with start a reaction which you will feel as a tingle in your throat and might be as strong to make you cough 1-2 times. This is the pungent atrribute which is absolutely normal to happen and it is a proof of olive oil quality.
Finally, here are some common attributes of olive oil:
Positive:
Astringent: dry and puckering mouthfeel created by tannins mostly appearing in bitter and robust olive oils
Buttery: creamy, smooth sensation on palate
Floral: perfume / aroma of flowers
Forest: fresh aroma reminiscent of forest floor, NOT dirty
Fresh: good aroma, fruity, not oxidixed
Fruity: refers to the aroma of fresh olive fruit, which is perceived through the nostrils and retronasally when the oil is in one’s mouth.
Grass: the aroma of fresh-cut (mowed) grass
Green: aroma/flavor of unripe olives
Harmonious: balance among the olive oil’s characteristics with none overpowering the other
Herbaceous: unripe olive fruit reminiscent of fresh green herbs
Negative:
Acetone: aroma of nail polish remover, associated with winey defect
Blue Cheese: aroma associated with muddy sediment defect
Burnt/Heated: caused by processing at too high a temperature
Cucumber: off flavor from prolonged storage, particularly in tin cans
Dirty: oils which have absorbed unpleasant odors and flavors of dirty waste water during milling
Flat / Bland: oils which have no positive or negative aroma or flavor characteristic of olive oil; may indicate presence of refined olive oil
Frozen / Wet Wood: sweet, dry, and typical aroma/flavor derived from olives which have been exposed to freezing temperatures
Fusty: anaerobic fermentation that occurs when olives are stored in piles too long before milling
Grubby: flavor imparted to oil by olive fly damage to olives
Haywood: flavor of dried olives
Muddy Sediment: barnyard-like aroma caused by olives' prolonged contact with dirt before or after milling
Musty: moldy, humid flavor created by wet olives that have been stored too long before pressing
Metallic: oils that have had prolonged contact with reactive metal surfaces either during processing or storage
Rancid: the flavor of oxidation that occurs as olive oil ages, often described as “stale nuts”
Rough: nasty, thick, greasy mouth feel
Unbalanced: olive oils with overwhelming flavors of bitterness and pungency
Winey /vinegary: sour flavor caused by aerobic fermentation of olives during processing
Sources:
http://www.internationaloliveoil.org/
http://www.wikipedia.org
http://www.oliveoilsource.com